Tema Integrador Secuencia 1.
Personality:
has to do with individual differences among people in behavior
patterns, cognition and emotion. Different personality theorists present
their own difinitions of the word based on their theoretical positions.
The
term"personality trait" refers to enduring personal characteristics
that are revealed in a particular pattern of behaviour in a variety of
situations.
Personality
can be determined through a variety of tests, such as the Minnesota
Multiphasic personality inventory, Rorschach inkblot test, or the. The matic
Apperception Test. The most popular technique is the self-report inventory- a
series of answers to a questionnaire that asks participants to indicate the
extent to which sets of statements or adjectives accurately describe their own
behavior or mental state.
The study of
personality started with Hippocrotes´four numours and gave rise to four
temperaments. The explanation was further refined by his successor Galen during
the second century CE. The "Four Humours" theory held that a person´s
personality was based on the balance of bodily humours; yellow bile, black
bile, phlegm and blood. Choleric people were characterized as having an
excess of yellow bile, making them iracible. High levels of black bile was
indicative of melancholy and pessimism...
Phlegmatic
people were thought to have an excess of phlem, leading to their sluggish, clam
temperament. Finally, people thought to have high levels of blood were sald to
be sanguine and were characterized by their cheerful, passionate dispositions.
Personality is
usually broken into components called the Big Five, which are: Openness to
experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism
(or emotionality). These components are generally stable over time and
appear to be attributable to a person´s genetics rather than the
effects of one´s environment.
Some research
has investigated whether the relations-hip between happiness and extraversion
seen in adults can also be seen in children. The implications of these
findings can help identify children that are more likely to experience
episodes of depression and develop types of treatment that such children are
likely to respond to. In both children and adults, research shows that genetics,
as opposed to environmental factors, exert a greater influence on
happiness levels. Personality is not believed to become stable until
approximately the age of thirty, and personality constructs in children are
referred to as temperament. Temperament is regarded as the precursor to
personality. Whereas Mc Crae and costa´s Big Five Model assesses personality
traits in adults, the EAS model is used to assess temperament in children. This
model measures levels of emotionality, activity, sociability and shyhess in
children. The EAS model is believed to be the equivalent of the Big Five model
in adults. Findings show that high degrees of sociability and low degrees
of shyness are equivalent to adult extroversion, and also correlate with higher
levels of life satisfaction in children.
Tema integrador
secuencia 1
Personalidad: Tiene que ver con las diferencias individuales entre las
personas en los patrones de comportamiento, la cognición y la emoción.
Diferentes teóricos de la personalidad presentan sus propias definiciones de la
palabra sobre la base de sus posiciones teóricas.
El término "rasgo de la personalidad" se refiere a soportar
características personales que se revelan en un patrón particular de
comportamiento en una variedad de situaciones.
Personalidad puede ser determinada a través de una variedad de pruebas,
como el inventario multifásico de personalidad de Minnesota, test de Rorschach,
o el. La Prueba de Percepción matic. La técnica más popular es el inventario de
auto-informe- una serie de respuestas a un cuestionario que pide a los
participantes que indican la medida en que establece de declaraciones o
adjetivos describir con precisión su propio comportamiento o estado mental.
El estudio de la personalidad comenzó con Hipócrates cuatro humores y
dio lugar a cuatro temperamentos. La explicación fue perfeccionado por su
sucesor Galen durante el siglo II. La teoría de "cuatro humores"
sostuvo que una personalidad persona correspondiente se basa en el equilibrio de
los humores corporales; bilis amarilla, bilis negro, flema y sangre. Personas
coléricas se caracterizan por tener un exceso de bilis amarilla, haciéndolos
irascible. Los altos niveles de bilis negro era indicativo de la melancolía y
el pesimismo ... Personas flemáticos se cree que tienen un exceso de flema, lo
que lleva a su lentitud, temperamento tranquilo. Por último, la gente piensa
que tienen altos niveles de sangre fueron venidos a ser optimistas y se
caracterizaron por sus alegres, disposiciones apasionados.
La personalidad se suele dividir en componentes llamados los cinco
grandes, que son: La apertura a la experiencia, conciencia, extraversión,
agradabilidad y neuroticismo (o emocionalidad). Estos componentes son
generalmente estables en el tiempo y parecen ser atribuibles a la genética de
una persona en lugar de los efectos de su entorno.
Algunas investigaciones han investigado si la relaciones entre la cadera
entre la felicidad y extraversión visto en adultos también se puede ver en los
niños. Las implicaciones de estos hallazgos pueden ayudar a identificar a los
niños que son más propensos a experimentar episodios de depresión y desarrollar
los tipos de tratamiento que tales niños son propensos a responder a. En ambos
niños y adultos, la investigación muestra que la genética, en contraposición a
los factores ambientales, ejercen una mayor influencia en los niveles de
felicidad. La personalidad no se cree para ser estable hasta aproximadamente
los treinta años, y las construcciones de la personalidad en los niños se les
conoce como temperamento. El temperamento es considerado como el precursor de
la personalidad.Mientras Mccrae y costa's Gran evalúa Cinco Modelo rasgos de
personalidad en los adultos, el modelo de EAS se utiliza para evaluar el
temperamento en los niños. Este modelo mide los niveles de emotividad, la
actividad, la sociabilidad y la timidez en los niños. El modelo de EAS se cree
que es el equivalente del modelo del Big Five en los adultos. Los resultados
muestran que un alto grado de sociabilidad y bajos grados de timidez son
equivalentes a la extraversión de adultos, y también se
relacionan con mayores niveles de satisfacción con la vida en
los niños.
Pronombres Personales/ Subject Pronouns
|
I
|
Yo
|
|
You
|
Tu
|
|
He
|
El
|
|
She
|
Ella
|
|
It
|
Eso
|
|
We
|
Nosotros
|
|
You
|
Ustedes
|
|
They
|
Ellos
|
Estructura del
Presente Verbo to Be
*Afirmativa/affirmative:
sujeto + Verbo
to Be + complemento.
subject +
Verb to Be + complement.
*negativa/
negative:
I am happy.
*Negativa/Negative:
sujeto + Verbo
to Be + not (negación) + complemento.
subject +
Verb to Be + not + complement.
I am not happy.
*Interrogativa/Interrogative:
Verbo to Be +
Sujeto + Complemento + ?.
Verb to
Be + Sujet + Complement + ? (Question mark).
Am I happy?
Ejemplos de Presente
del Verbo to Be.
*Afirmativa/Affirmative:
- I am sad.
-You are
friendly.
-He is famous.
-She is
teacher.
-It is healthy.
-We are
athlete.
-You are
perfect.
-They are
actors.
-You are
singer.
-He is
cheerful.
*Negativa/Negative:
- I am not sad.
-You are not
friendly.
-He is not
famous.
-She is not
teacher.
-It is not
healthy.
-We are not
athlete.
-You are not
perfect.
-They are not
actors.
-You are not
singer.
-He is not cheerful.
*Interrogativa/Interrogative:
- Am I
sad?
-Are You
friendly?
-Is He
famous?
-Is She
teacher?
-Is It
healthy?
-Are We
athlete?
-Are You
perfect?
-Are They
actors?
-Are You
singer?
-Is He
cheerful?
Estructura del Presente Simple.
*Afirmativa:
Sujeto + Verbo + Complemento.
-You work in a company.
-He drinks a
lot of water.
*Negativa:
Sujeto + Do/Does + not + Verbo + Complemento.
-You do not/(don´t) work in a company.
-He does
not/(does´t) drink lot of water.
*Interrogativa:
Do/Does + Sujeto + Verbo + Complemento + ?.
- Do You work in a company?
- Does
He drink lot of water?
Ejemplos del
Presente Simple.
1.-Mary (play) plays soccer
with her brother.
2.-You (run) run at
park.
3.- He
(drink) drinks a soda.
4.- She
(talk) talks to her mother.
5.- We (walk) walk at
home.
6.- It
(rain) rains a lot of water.
7.- They (eat) eat a
hamburger.
8.- Juan
(do) does the homework.
9.- Pedro
(cook) cooks a soup.
10.- We
(sing) sing a song.
1.- Mary does
not play soccer with her brother.
Does Mary play soccer with her brother?
2.- You do not
run at park.
Do You run at park?
3.-He does not
drink a soda.
Does He drink a soda?
4.- She does
not talk to her mother.
Does She talk to her mother?
5.-We do not
walk at home.
Do We walk at home?
6.- It does not
rain a lot of water.
Does It rain a lot of water?
7.- They do not
eat a hamburger.
Do They eat a hamburger?
8.- Juan does
not do the homework.
Does Juan do the homework?
9.- Pedro does
not cook a soup.
Does Pedro cook a soup?
10.- We do not
sing a song.
Do We sing a song?
Wh Question
Words.
-Who = ¿Quién?
-When =
¿Cuándo?
-Where =
¿Dónde?
-What =
Qué
-Which = cuál
-Why = Porqué
-How = ¿Cómo? ¿Cuántos?
-How much= ¿cuánto? (no contable)
-How many = ¿Cuántos? (contables)
-How long = ¿Durante cuánto tiempo?
-How aften = ¿Qué tan a menudo? ¿Con que frecuencia?
My Mascot.
My name is Dulce. This is
my dog, Boder.
He
is black And white. He is three
Years old.


No hay comentarios:
Publicar un comentario